# 基数排序

基数排序是一种非比较型整数排序算法，其原理是将整数按位数切割成不同的数字，然后按每个位数分别比较。由于整数也可以表达字符串（比如名字或日期）和特定格式的浮点数，所以基数排序也不是只能使用于整数。

## 1. 基数排序 vs 计数排序 vs 桶排序

基数排序有两种方法：

这三种排序算法都利用了桶的概念，但对桶的使用方法上有明显差异案例看大家发的：

* 基数排序：根据键值的每位数字来分配桶；
* 计数排序：每个桶只存储单一键值；
* 桶排序：每个桶存储一定范围的数值；

## 2. LSD 基数排序动图演示

![动图演示](/files/-Lm9KR9HMl708IHhEYGK)

## 3. JavaScript 代码实现

```javascript
//LSD Radix Sort
var counter = [];
function radixSort(arr, maxDigit) {
    var mod = 10;
    var dev = 1;
    for (var i = 0; i < maxDigit; i++, dev *= 10, mod *= 10) {
        for(var j = 0; j < arr.length; j++) {
            var bucket = parseInt((arr[j] % mod) / dev);
            if(counter[bucket]==null) {
                counter[bucket] = [];
            }
            counter[bucket].push(arr[j]);
        }
        var pos = 0;
        for(var j = 0; j < counter.length; j++) {
            var value = null;
            if(counter[j]!=null) {
                while ((value = counter[j].shift()) != null) {
                      arr[pos++] = value;
                }
          }
        }
    }
    return arr;
}
```

## 4. python 代码实现

```python
def radix(arr):

    digit = 0
    max_digit = 1
    max_value = max(arr)
    #找出列表中最大的位数
    while 10**max_digit < max_value:
        max_digit = max_digit + 1

    while digit < max_digit:
        temp = [[] for i in range(10)]
        for i in arr:
            #求出每一个元素的个、十、百位的值
            t = int((i/10**digit)%10)
            temp[t].append(i)

        coll = []
        for bucket in temp:
            for i in bucket:
                coll.append(i)

        arr = coll
        digit = digit + 1

    return arr
```

## 5. Java 代码实现

```java
/**
 * 基数排序
 * 考虑负数的情况还可以参考： https://code.i-harness.com/zh-CN/q/e98fa9
 */
public class RadixSort implements IArraySort {

    @Override
    public int[] sort(int[] sourceArray) throws Exception {
        // 对 arr 进行拷贝，不改变参数内容
        int[] arr = Arrays.copyOf(sourceArray, sourceArray.length);

        int maxDigit = getMaxDigit(arr);
        return radixSort(arr, maxDigit);
    }

    /**
     * 获取最高位数
     */
    private int getMaxDigit(int[] arr) {
        int maxValue = getMaxValue(arr);
        return getNumLenght(maxValue);
    }

    private int getMaxValue(int[] arr) {
        int maxValue = arr[0];
        for (int value : arr) {
            if (maxValue < value) {
                maxValue = value;
            }
        }
        return maxValue;
    }

    protected int getNumLenght(long num) {
        if (num == 0) {
            return 1;
        }
        int lenght = 0;
        for (long temp = num; temp != 0; temp /= 10) {
            lenght++;
        }
        return lenght;
    }

    private int[] radixSort(int[] arr, int maxDigit) {
        int mod = 10;
        int dev = 1;

        for (int i = 0; i < maxDigit; i++, dev *= 10, mod *= 10) {
            // 考虑负数的情况，这里扩展一倍队列数，其中 [0-9]对应负数，[10-19]对应正数 (bucket + 10)
            int[][] counter = new int[mod * 2][0];

            for (int j = 0; j < arr.length; j++) {
                int bucket = ((arr[j] % mod) / dev) + mod;
                counter[bucket] = arrayAppend(counter[bucket], arr[j]);
            }

            int pos = 0;
            for (int[] bucket : counter) {
                for (int value : bucket) {
                    arr[pos++] = value;
                }
            }
        }

        return arr;
    }

    /**
     * 自动扩容，并保存数据
     *
     * @param arr
     * @param value
     */
    private int[] arrayAppend(int[] arr, int value) {
        arr = Arrays.copyOf(arr, arr.length + 1);
        arr[arr.length - 1] = value;
        return arr;
    }
}
```

## 6. PHP 代码实现

```php
function radixSort($arr, $maxDigit = null)
{
    if ($maxDigit === null) {
        $maxDigit = max($arr);
    }
    $counter = [];
    for ($i = 0; $i < $maxDigit; $i++) {
        for ($j = 0; $j < count($arr); $j++) {
            preg_match_all('/\d/', (string) $arr[$j], $matches);
            $numArr = $matches[0];
            $lenTmp = count($numArr);
            $bucket = array_key_exists($lenTmp - $i - 1, $numArr)
                ? intval($numArr[$lenTmp - $i - 1])
                : 0;
            if (!array_key_exists($bucket, $counter)) {
                $counter[$bucket] = [];
            }
            $counter[$bucket][] = $arr[$j];
        }
        $pos = 0;
        for ($j = 0; $j < count($counter); $j++) {
            $value = null;
            if ($counter[$j] !== null) {
                while (($value = array_shift($counter[$j])) !== null) {
                    $arr[$pos++] = $value;
                }
          }
        }
    }

    return $arr;
}
```


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